In a cathodic protection system, what is the role of the sacrificial anode?

The sacrificial anode plays a crucial role in a cathodic protection system by serving as a source of electrons that helps to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this system, the anode is made from a more easily corroded metal than the metal of the pipeline. When these two metals are connected electrically, the sacrificial anode corrodes preferentially, sacrificing itself in the process. This means that the anode will corrode and degrade over time, while the pipeline remains protected.

Cathodic protection is important for structures like pipelines that are buried underground or submerged in water because they are at a higher risk of corrosion due to moisture, soil interactions, and other environmental factors. The electrons released by the sacrificial anode travel through the conductive environment to the pipeline, effectively reducing the electrochemical reactions that cause corrosion.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary function of a sacrificial anode. Enhancing conductivity or stabilizing electrical current addresses different aspects of electrical systems rather than specifically safeguarding against corrosion. Insulating structural connections would be relevant in contexts unrelated to cathodic protection, as insulation serves to prevent unwanted electrical current from affecting other components rather than providing corrosion protection.