Which welding technique typically results in less distortion compared to fusion welding?

Brazing is the welding technique that typically results in less distortion compared to fusion welding methods such as arc welding. This is because brazing operates at lower temperatures than those required for fusion welding, where melting occurs. In brazing, filler metal is heated above its melting point but below the melting point of the base metals, allowing for a joint to be formed without melting those base metals.

The lower heat input in brazing minimizes thermal stress in the materials being joined, which is a significant factor in reducing distortion. In processes like arc welding, the high temperatures can lead to a considerable amount of thermal expansion and contraction, causing warping or distortion in the finished weld. Additionally, the nature of the brazing process, which involves capillary action to draw the molten filler into the joint, helps create a strong bond without the deep penetration typically associated with fusion welding.

While soldering is also a low-temperature joining method, it is often used for less stress-intensive applications compared to brazing. Exothermic welding involves a chemical reaction that generates heat, which can also lead to distortion if not controlled properly. Hence, brazing stands out for its ability to join metals with minimal distortion.